Pain for Pleasure Endured Essay -- Literature Pain Pleasure Essays

Pain for Pleasure EnduredThe intricate and complex nature of the relationship between annoying sensation and pleasure has been a source of feud and diversity of opinion for people of all eras. Shakespeares character Othello claims that tis happiness to die. (Act 5 ln 295). In his situation the painful experience of dying is what he considers pleasure, he later verifies his belief in his statement by choosing to stab himself. Sir Philip Sidney, in his poem Astrophil and Stella states that in my woes for thee thou art my joy (108 ln 14). Astrophil finds his pleasure in the pain of his unrequited love for Stella. The complex relationship between pleasure and pain is reflected in the twenty-first century in addition to the Renaissance era. The Amish people opt to live in a world without modern conveniences and pleasures as they are acknowledged in the twentieth-first century. People who are taught from a very little age the dangers and health hazards contained in smoking continue an d Tobacco use remains the leading preventable cause of death in the United States, create more than 400,000 deaths each year and resulting in an annual cost of more than $50 billion in direct medical costs (http//www.cdc.gov/tobacco/issue.htm). In Withers emblem pain and pleasure are presented in a paradoxically coexisting relationship. Thomas Mores Utopia portrays pleasure as an entity unblemished by the experience of pain. Withers emblem entitled By Pain on pleasures we do seize and we by sufferance obtain ease (http//emblem.libraries.psu.edu/withe023.htm) expresses views on pain and pleasure which are the antithesis of those found in Mores Utopia.The divergence in the authors viewpoints on the relationship between pain and pleasu... ...ous views. If the Utopians believed Wither to be a heaven-sent prophet then perhaps his words, which completely contradict all their views, could be accepted.Wither uses the image of a come up to reflect the essential idea of pain and pleasure in his poem. He claims that her sweetness fast is closed in with many thornes. The Utopians would find a empurpled sweeter without the necessity of fighting thorns to enjoy the beauty. Mores ideal society conflicts strongly with ideals that have permeated society for generations. If pleasure is received without any pain dismiss it be as great as the pleasure that contains the knowledge of the pain?Works CitedDamrosch, David The Longman Anthology of British Literature. Volume 1. Addison-Wesley Educational Publishers Inc 1999.http//www.cdc.gov/tobacco/issue.htm)http//emblem.libraries.psu.edu/withe023.htm)

Desecration of the Flag is an American Freedom :: Argumentative Persuasive Argument Essays

Desecration of the Flag is an American FreedomThe American Flag is truly a versatile emblem. The flags stars, stripes, and colors submit valor, purity and vigilancethey represent bloodshed, hard work, and mostly, the infallible freedoms known as rights. Paradoxically, those same stitches that compose the flag and bind our freedom contain the right to profane and utterly disrespect it. How beautiful a country that regards freedom so highly that it protects even the most offensive actions of expression what magnificent grace. The Bill of Rights leave untouched by meddling hands for almost 200 yearssecures that grace the freedoms that allegedly make America different from other countries. It is most certainly not a coincidence that the freedom of expression is the first inalienable right our forefathers chose to protect in the constitution.Unfortunately, our start-off Amendment is not able to protect itself. It seems as if certain politicians are preoccupied with other issues, such a s the necessity of civilians owning assault rifles and exaggerating the size of American flags in classrooms. Now, amongst all other stresses and responsibilities of our government, the United States Senate has somehow miraculously found the time and prerogative to groan about whether or not certain freedoms of expression should be legal. During war and economic crisis, politicians believe it inevitable to put the very rights of American citizens in question. How ironic is it that the people we place in nice confidence to elect leaders we cannot place in enough confidence to enact civil rights. In Texas v. Johnson (1989), The Supreme Court ruled flag desecration symbolic of free speech, and thus protected by the First Amendment. The proposed amendment to overturn this decision has failed to get the two-thirds majority needed for passage four times since 1989. Why, then, the Senate is fixated with altering the Supreme Courts concrete decision is baffling. Stereotypically, it is a conservative idiosyncrasy to be preoccupied with superficial respect but deny necessary principles of unmodified freedom.

To What Extent Was Jacksonian Democracy Democratic? Essays -- History

To What Extent Was capital of Mississippiian Democracy Democratic?During the administration of Andrew Jackson, the United States was a nation of change both politically and socially. American society was a society of opportunity. Americans felt that, given a chance, they could make a better life for themselves. This was the era of the common people, the era of democracy. Andrew Jackson appealed to the American people because he stood for values many regarded with favor. However democratic Jackson may seem, he was more tyrant-like than any of his predecessors. His major offerings to the nation include majority rule and a popular presidency, however offered no benefits to women, African Americans, nor Native Americans. Jacksonian Democracy was in no way democratic. Before Jacksons time, voters expect public officials to use their own best judgment in electing. Under Jacksonian Democracy, the people came to believe that officials should act according to the demands of the people. To mak e government serve more directly to the popular will, state and local governments began to fill some positions such as judges, constables, and public surveyors by election rather than appointment. The terms of self-confidence were also shortened so that popular opinion had a more direct effect on the actions of elected officials. Thus, the government under Jackson became the peoples government, although he retained a tight grasp, using his veto often.As new voters made demands on government, they learned the power of political organization. National issues became as much topics of conversation as local issues had always been. As national parties built stronger state and local ties, they began to rely upon a growing number of professional politicians. These changes helped to tutor the spoils system. This practice of appointing people to government positions based on party loyalty and party service was not an entirely new development, but Jackson was the beginning(a) to oust larg e numbers of government employees in order to appoint his followers to office. He argued that there should be a rotation in office. virtually believed that the spoils system set a poor precedent. Jackson amplified presidential power by using the veto more than all previous presidents. On the Womens Rights issue, Jacksonian Democracy did nothing to further the female cause. Only in sparse st... ...ur government was built, the Constitution. He completely disregarded Marshalls decree and send the army in to force the Indians from their native homes in Georgia. This disgusting display of the broad sword of government is a disgrace to our nations legacy. Tocqueville, a foreigner, came to the United States to force field American prison reform, but was so disgusted with the way our society was and how our government functioned under Jackson that he changed the focus of his study to an analysis of democracy. He saw democracy by our example as far from accomplishing all it projects with skill and that Democracy does not give people the nearly skillful government. Jacksons example of democracy was horrible.Jacksonian Democracy seems to be a zeugma, two contrasting things put together to make a comparison. Andrew Jackson never had any intention of broadening our democracy, only to make his ends meet. Through the way he treated Native Americans, African Americans, women, and many former(a) minority groups, Jackson showed his ignorance in fulfilling one of the most pressing tasks of the president, to represent the people. To no extent was Jacksonian Democracy democratic.

Post Modernism and Architecture Essay -- Architecture Post Modernism A

Post modernity and Architecture If angiotensin-converting enzyme were to walk around and casually ask five people what daub contemporaneity was they would probably get five different answers or none at all. It is one of those indefinable academic terms that applies to many different fields of study. virtually people calculate to understand what it means individually but few agree collectively. To make matters even more complicated, it is often used in discussions just about deconstruction. To some Post Modernism is an excuse to pile together oodles of wild and crazy decor, to others it is another example of the weakness of standards and values. While some judge that it is trangressive resistance to the sureness of categories, to others a handy way to describe a particular house, dress, car, artist, dessert, or pet, and to others it simply over already. Clement Greenberg defined status-modernism in 1979 as the antithesis of everything that he loved. The lowering of aesthetic standards caused by the democratization of culture under industrialism. Where most people agree though is that post modernism first started with architecture in the 1950s. It occurred as a reaction against the international Style. So that is the aspect that I am going to concentrate on in my paper. As post modern applies to architecture it means The combination of Modern techniques with something else usually traditional building.First off Some of the most famous architects that concentrate on post Modern Design are Alvar Alto, and Robert Venturi. Alto is probably the most famous out of the three that I named. Alto was born 1898 in Kuortane on February 3. He received his diploma of architecture in 1921 from the install of Technology which is located in Helsinki. He had private architectural office in Jyvskyl from 1923-27. He was married to a fellow architect Aino Marsio in1924. She shortly after died in 1949. From the times of 1927 through 1933 he had another private architectural office this time it was in Turku. The last private office that he had was in 1933 it was in Helsinki. From the time period1943 to 1958 he was the Chairperson of the Association of Finnish Architects and Professor at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, which is in Cambridge USA. In 1952 he remarried to another architect by the name of Elissa Mkiniemi. In 1955 he became a member of the finish academy and... ...t Modernism can hardly be talked about without deconstructionism also being mentioned. Deconstruction is when the architects think that the design of societies buildings should resemble societies present state. For example todays society is chaotic, so the architecture should be chaotic too. For example the buildings columns and structure are crooked and the walls leaning. Deconstruction is a kind of post modern design. They seem to directly relate to each other. Deconstruction is post modern with a twist it is never straight and i t is always crooked lines the walls can be tilted and the structures all crazy like. My opinion on the whole mess is that some of the architecture can be really beautiful but others can be extremely screwy. I personally have always had an interest in architecture so this assignment, after I figured out what I was supposed(p) to do, was fun. I am not going to become an architect though, I like animals to much and I aspire to be veterinarian. My favorite piece that I saw was the Getty Museum. Just the way that it is set and designed to look old but has all the beautiful new stone and materials. It was just the first one to catch my eye.

An Interpretation of Emily Dickinsons Poem #315 :: Emily Dickinson Poem 315 Essays

An Interpretation of Emily Dickinsons Poem 315Emily Dickinson had an interesting life, and is a profound woman in the history of America and literature. Emily wrote more poems. Some are titled, and many are given chronological numbers instead of headlining the main theme. I am interpreting Poem 315. I read the poem, and had to read it again and again. As with most poems, the meaning is always clouded from me and I need a little help to figure out the true meaning of the authors intentions. In this case, the expiration was not any different. The poem did not make much sense to me. Instead, I created my own meaning and it differed greatly from the others. However, I still like my recital and enjoy the final product that was created when I combined my ideas with the groups. I would like to start, by printing the poem. 315 He fumbles at your Soul As Players at the Keys to begin with they drop full Music on-- He stuns you by degrees- Prepares your brittle Nature For the Etheri al Blow By fainter Hammers-further heard- Then nearer-Then so slow Your Breath has time to straighten- Your Brain-t babble cool-Deals-One-imperial-Thunderbolt That scalps your naked Soul- When winds take Forests in their Paws- The Universe-is still- The other members of my group saw this poem as a metaphor for some type of physical abuse. I saw it as a poem just describing a thunder surprise. Now, after incorporating in ideas from all in the group I describe the poem as a way of using a storms powerful force to describe physical abuse. Confused? Well, Ill walk you through this idea so at the end you wont be. The initiative four lines of the poem describe a He. It states, He fumbles at your soul / As players on the Keys / Before they drop full music on-- / he stuns you by degrees- Before any great piano player plays a piece, he warms up. He practices. In a similar sense, so does a thunderstorm. A storm does not start out heavy and powerful it starts out with a wind. And , the air gets a little cooler the degrees go down on the thermometer. right on thunder vibrates the soul, and the earth is the piano for the persona of the storm.

An Interpretation of Emily Dickinsons Poem #315 :: Emily Dickinson Poem 315 Essays

An Interpretation of Emily Dickinsons Poem 315Emily Dickinson had an interesting life, and is a profound woman in the history of America and literature. Emily wrote many meters. just about are titled, and many are given chronological numbers instead of headlining the main theme. I am interpreting Poem 315. I take the poem, and had to read it again and again. As with most poems, the import is always clouded from me and I need a little help to figure out the true meaning of the authors intentions. In this case, the outcome was not any different. The poem did not make much sense to me. Instead, I created my own meaning and it differed greatly from the others. However, I up to now like my interpretation and enjoy the final product that was created when I combined my ideas with the groups. I would like to start, by printing the poem. 315 He fumbles at your Soul As Players at the Keys Before they drop full Music on-- He stuns you by degrees- Prepares your brittle Nature For the Etherial Blow By fainter Hammers-further heard- Then nearer-Then so slow Your wind has time to straighten- Your Brain-t bubble cool-Deals-One-imperial-Thunderbolt That scalps your naked Soul- When winds take Forests in their Paws- The Universe-is still- The other members of my group saw this poem as a metaphor for some type of carnal abuse. I saw it as a poem just describing a thunderstorm. Now, after incorporating in ideas from all in the group I describe the poem as a way of using a storms powerful force to describe physical abuse. Confused? Well, Ill walk you through this idea so at the end you wont be. The first four lines of the poem describe a He. It states, He fumbles at your soul / As players on the Keys / Before they drop full medical specialty on-- / he stuns you by degrees- Before any great piano player plays a piece, he warms up. He practices. In a similar sense, so does a thunderstorm. A storm does not start out heavy and powerful it starts out with a wind . And, the air gets a little cooler the degrees go prevail over on the thermometer. Powerful thunder vibrates the soul, and the earth is the piano for the persona of the storm.

Psychoanalytic Personality Assessment Essay

Psychoanal retentiveytic theory was developed by Sigmend Freud. It is a system in which unconscious(p) motivations atomic number 18 considered to shape normal and abnormal temperament development and behavior. Psychoanalysis is commonly apply to treat depression and anxiety disorders. Freuds Psychosexual possibleness of Development explains that if there was a conflict in a stage and not resolved that person would be fixated. Carl Jungs Analytic Psychology is gibe to the mind or psyche. Alfred Alders Individual Psychology is the wideness of each persons perceived niche in society. Freuds exert is now the most heavily cited in all of psychology.Most of Freuds patients did not need treatment so he resorted to using hypnosis. He used the technique of free association in order to understand the causes of mental and physical problems in his patients. Dreams to him were saw as pieces and hints of unconscious. The problems of privileged conflict and tension argon found in dreams. There ar three structured parts in the mind according to Freud. The three parts atomic number 18 id, ego, and superego. Freuds and Jung are compared by using unconscious sexuality in their theories. The id, das es in German means the it it operates according to the demands of the pleasure principle to reduce inner tension.Ego is the Latin word for I. Personality that deals with the real world according to the reality principle to solve real problems. Superego rules over the ego and parts are unconscious, though it constrains our individual actions. Freud looked for meaning in minor connections thoughts and behaviors. Now 100 of years later there are no three levels id, ego, and superego. Freud was correct in concluding that certain parts of the mind are not subject to conscious awareness. His theories opened new approaches to human temperament and psychotherapy.Carl Jung theory is divided into three parts just as Freuds theory is. The three are unconscious, personal unconsciou s, and collective unconscious. Freud and Carl embody the sense of self for unconscious. Personal unconscious are thoughts and urges that are unimportant at the present. This contains past (retrospective) and future (prospective) material to be compensated to have a balance. Collective unconscious is comprises a deeper level of unconsciousness and is made up of powerful emotional symbols called archetypes. Archetypes are derived from the emotional reactions of our ancestors. Carl Jung was interested in the deepest universal aspects of reputation and expanded ideas of the unconscious to include emotionally supercharged images and expanded ideas of all generations.He also gives the concepts of complexes meaning emotionally charged thoughts and feeling on a particular them. Another thing is he describes personality as being comprised of competing forces pulling against one another to reach equilibrium. Alfred Adler focused on the sociable world and its identity. Adler and Freuds diff erences were in the origin of motivation. Freud theory was establish on prime motivations that were built on pleasure and sexuality. Adlers theory is based on motivations that are more complex. Adler was much more concerned with social conditions and saw the need to pee-pee preventive measures to avoid disturbances in personality. He believed personality problems can be avoided by using detailed knowledge about(predicate) individuals to construct healthier social environment.Personality typology based loosely on Greek notions of the bodily humors. He believed in positive goal oriented and nature of human kind. There are two characteristics that I agree with which are Jungs personal unconscious and Alders superiority complex. There are two characteristics that I disagree with which are Freuds latency stage and Alders collective unconscious. Psychosexual Development has five stages oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, Oedipus complex, Electra complex, latency stage, and genital st age. Oral stage is where we satisfy our hunger and thirst. Anal stage is where we feel relief when defecating. Phallic stage is where adolescents focus on genitals. Oedipus stage is where a young boy wants to kill his father to marry his beloved mother. This is the opposite for girls in the Electra complex.Latency stage is where adolescents focus more on academics and friendships. Genital stage is where marks the beginning of an adult life of normal sexual relations, marriage, and child-rearing. Challenges from the outer environment and from our inner urges threaten us with anxiety there are three defense mechanisms that I can relate to rattling well. The three are reaction formation, displacement, and rationalization. The processes that the ego uses to distort reality to protect itself are called defense mechanisms. Reaction formation is the process of pushing away threatening impulses by overemphasizing the opposite in ones thoughts and actions, e.g. Josephine was a classmate of mine in 2008. A lot of my peers in that year were exposing themselves to be either gay or lesbian.Josephines religious and outspoken background made her very judgmental towards her peers. Ultimately, the summer of 2009 being in the spotlight of high school she had a girlfriend. Displacement is the shifting of the target of ones unconscious fears and desires, e.g. Jason and I get into arguments all the time just as any normal couple. The dishes were not washes like I had asked. For some reason my frustration was at an all-time high. The dog tipped over the trash can in the kitchen and in the bathroom. Not to mention the dog feces in the living. I had enough so I kicked my dog, Charles. Rationalization is a mechanism involving post-hoc logical explanations for behaviors that were actually driven by internal unconscious motives, e.g.I want to move back billet so that it will be easier for the baby and I just know it would be so much easier and a better opportunity for me to concentrat e on school, but the underlying is that I just want to leave my current home. In conclusion, psychoanalytic theory was developed by Freud. This is a system in which unconscious motivations are considered to shape normal and abnormal personality development and behavior. Both Freud and Jung believed ego played a huge part in personality and the unconscious sexuality.Adler and Freuds theory differed by the origin of motivation. Freud believes in prime motivations were pleasure and sexuality. Adler believes in human motivations that are more complex. Like Jun Adler believed in the importance of the teleological aspects, or goal-directedness of human nature. Difference in Freuds and Adlers philosophies was that Adler was much more concerned with social conditions. He saw the need to take preventive measures to avoid disturbances in personality. In all of these theories helped open new approac hes to human nature and psychotherapy.ReferencesFriedman, H. S., & Schustack, M. W. (2011). Per sonality. Classic Theories and Modern Research (5th ed.). Retrieved from University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.

Mid-Term Break Seamus Heaney

Seamus Heaney Mid-Term Break The main theme of Mid-Term Break is the tragedy of the death of a teenaged child, whose life breaks when he is altogether four historic period old this tragedy also breaks the lives of differents, specifically the childs parents and brother. The tone of the poesy is very sombre, as it explores the manifold ways in which lives are tough and shattered by death. In literal terms, the title refers to the Mid-term Break of a school vacation in this sense it is highly ironic, as the holiday the poems narrator gets from school after six weeks of classes is not for a vacation, that for a funeral.However, as indicated in reference to the theme, break has other meanings relating to the mortified life of the dead child and to the broken life of those close to him. Additionally, Mid-Term can be read not just as referring to a school holiday, but to a term of life thus the childs life has been broken prematurely, in mid-term. So while on a literal direct the title refers to a school vacation, on a metaphoric level it refers to a life which has been broken before its natural span.Though the poem is set show up in even three-lined verses, except for the anomalous last line, it is actually structured around three geographic locales, locales which are also distinguished from each other in temporal terms the college, location of the first verse, in which the narrator remains all morning until two oclock, the narrators house, in general the front porch and front room, where the narrator remains until ten oclock at night when the dead body is brought home and, finally, the upstairs room where the corpse is move out, which the narrator visits the Next morning. The movement is one from the exterior world of school and non-familial acquaintances, to the interior world of the house, friends and family, and finally to the upstairs room where the narrator stands unsocial with the body of his brother. This movement can reflect the way in which d eath isolates us and sets us unconnected as the narrator is increasingly isolated, finally left alone with the corpse, so death separates us from normal human interactions and leaves us alone to confront our mortality. This sense of increasing alienation from the world of normative human domain is marked throughout the poem.The first people the narrator refers to, in the first verse of the poem, are the neighbours who drove him home however, once at home, he is abash to find his father crying, an action which the narrator regards as disturbingly abnormal for a man who had always taken funerals in his stride. The babys actions in cooing and laughing and rocking the pram also disturb the narrator, as he clearly finds them incongruous he is further embarrassed/By old men standing up to shake his hand//And tell him they were sorry for his trouble. Alienation is increased as the narrator now uses personification to stool a sense of disembodiment Whispers informed strangers I was th e eldest he is further distressed by his mothers reaction, as she coughed out angry tearless sighs. Here, the unusual collocation of coughed and sighs works to create a sense of disturbance and discord it is almost as if the mothers actions make no logical sense.Finally, the narrator feels alienated even from his young brother it is not his brother who is brought home at night but a corpse, stanched and bandaged by the nurses. Thus the narrator feels increasingly set apart from the world around him, even distanced from the body of his brother, profoundly alienated and intensely self-conscious of his own alienation. This self-consciousness, finally, is emphasised by the extensive use of the subject pronoun I, the goal pronoun me and the possessive determiner my in the first six verses of the poem.The narrator declares I sat all morning our neighbours drove me I met my father I came in, and I was embarrassed to shake my hand tell me they were sorry for my trouble I was the eldest m y mother held my hand I went up into the room This extensive self-reference is only abandoned in the last few lines of the poem, when the narrator finally looks at the body of his brother, him, as Wearing a poppy bruise on his left temple,/He lay in the four foot box as in his cot. the bumper knocked him clear. From a state of almost morbid self-awareness, therefore, the narrator is brought into a reflectivity of his brothers body, a contemplation that leads him to reflect not just upon the subjective embarrassment he feels, but upon the objective tragedy of his brothers death.

Crippen case Essay

1. wherefore was the Crippen bailiwick important? It was one of the first forensic cases.2. What was Crippen accuse of? Why was he accused of this crime? Crippen was accused of killing his wife. He was accused of this crime because his wife suddenly disappeared, and his secretary moved in with him. 3. Why do you think people were so interested in Crippens case? I think people were so interested in the Crippen case because it was one of the first forensic cases and there was a lot of doubt. The case was reopened 100 years later to further investigate if he was actually finable or not. 4. Why was forensic science important in Crippens trial? How was it used in the trial? Forensic science is important in the Crippen trial to help identify the victim and the evidence constitute.5. What do modern forensic scientists find when they examine samples of the remains? The found out that it was a manlike when they examined the remains. 6. What other evidence linked Crippen to the remain s in the cellar? There were bloodstains on a shirt, and they found the pair of pants in his room. 7. What other inconsistencies were found in the case when the evidence was re-examined? Why do you think these inconsistencies were ignored at the season of the Crippen trial? An inconsistency found in this case was the situation that after the victim was poisoned why were they cut up if it was supposed to look like a natural death. I think these inconsistences were ignored at the time because they werent as advanced with cases like that back in the day. 8. Do you think Crippen killed his wife? Why or why not? No I do not think Crippen killed his wife. There are a lot of inconsistencies involved in this case and there is no proof found that he killed her.

The Use of Money as a Motivational Factor in the Workplace

Haohan Wu Vladimir V Kalugin PHIL 305 08. 19. 2012 The Use of property as a motivational Factor in the Work spatial relation Claim This paper aims at proving that the use of money as a motivational factor in the work place is equitable to a bribe and should not be allowed. Explanation of the Claim To start off, there is need to explain as to what motivation means and how money comes into the equation. According to Saddiqui, motivation is the act of giving another person the incentive or a reason to do something (1).That is, giving the individual the hope or support to carry pop a particular act. Psychology Today quips that motivation is the entrust to do something (2). As such, motivating is the act of creating the desire to do something in an individual. That is, propelling someone towards doing a particular thing as opposed to pushing an individual away. To further explain the aspect of motivation, Bizhelp (para. 1) explains the Herzbergs cardinal Factor Theory of motivation, which has it that there atomic number 18 two types. First of all argon the factors that motivate the individuals to continue working.These ar the factors that make the people appreciate their ruminate hence they continue putting all their efforts at it. On the other hand, there atomic number 18 the factors, which prevent job satisfaction. These are not, in whichever way, related to the blessedness of the individuals. Rather, they just remove the unhappiness from work hence making the people work more comfortably. In other words, they are referred to as the hygiene factors. parentage Plan Hut explains that there are many ways of motivating the employees and those monetary incentives are one of the many ways (para. ). With the concept of motivation easy explained, there is the need to look at the definition and explanation of a bribe, so that a comparative analysis of the two stern be carried out to show that monetary incentives and the bribe are one and the same. According t o the Merriam Webster Dictionary, a bribe is money or advance given or compromised in enact to influence the judgment or conduct of a person in a position of trust, or something that serves to induce or influence (1). By manner of speaking these two definitions together, that is the efinition of motivation by money and that of a bribe, it can be seen why this essay takes that monetary motivation is equivalent to a bribe. It comes out instead clearly that money is a major factor in bribing, just as it is when used as a motivation factor. The above explanations bring almost a controversial turn up as pertains to the issue of victimisation money as a motivational factor. It is, therefore, quite classic to look at the issue in more detail so as to come up with a solid argument as to whether money should be used as a motivation factor or not.The argument will be largely based on the definitions given, and will rely on the understanding of the source as pertains to the issue of m oney and motivation. These factors will be explained in detail in the following section of the argument. Reasons for the Claim Below are some of the reasons as to why this paper holds that monetary incentives should not be used as a motivation factor within the workplace 1. From the definitions given above, it can be seen that a bribe is a monetary incentive given to an individual so as to sway his decision or act in a given manner.In other words, it is practically buying an individual so that he can act in a manner that is in accordance with the desire of the individual giving the bribe. The same happens when an individual is given an incentive as a motivation factor. It is aimed at making the individual feel kind of oblige to give a particular service or deliver given results so as to get the incentive. By any means, this is a bribe in disguise, and should not be allowed at all since it leads to the corruption of morals within the boldness. 2. Monetary motivation can be seen as a form of consumption of the employees.This is where they are put in a position where they arouse to fulfill a particular requirement so that they can have the incentive. Practically, it is the kind of analogy where the employee plays the dangling carrot with the employees. The employees feel or assume that they are working hard so as to get a specific reward, go in the real sense the employer is playing his cards so as to make the employees work even harder for him. The monetary gain seems so enticing for the employees that they work so hard just to get it, while all the time, the employer gets the lions share. The trick works in the exact manner as a bribe.Give something belittled and get much in return. 3. Monetary incentives can ruin or corrupt the morals within an organization. This can be seen in the cases where the employees understand that they have to achieve something or hit specific standards so that they can get the reward that is promised to them. As such, they can go to whichever ends so as to reach these standards, out-of-pocket to their need for the money. This works the same way as a bribe does. When people are bribed in order to do something, they have to make certainly that they use whichever means possible to arrive at the expected result.Whether the means are wrong or right. In other words, there is total omission of transparency or the ethics code of conduct. 4. Lastly, there is the fact that monetary incentive as a motivation factor can plant conflicts and gratuitous or unhealthy competition amongst the employees. It is hygienic known that different people are motivated by different factors just as they are smart differently. As such, when the rewards are given in terms of cash, there is a high possibility that those who get the reward work hard and continue delivering the results while those who do not get the reward are de-motivated.This works out exactly like a bribe. Some people are favored and others are not. Rivalry come s in within the organization and the performance is hindered. This caps the reasons as to why monetary motivation should be avoided. Therefore, there is always the other side of the chance on in everything. In this case, there is another argument as concerns the use of monetary motivation, which tries to indicate that it should be allowed. The reasons are as stated below. i. First of all, it is delightful that there are many ways of achieving a set goal. The same applies in the work place.When there is the need to motivate the employees, there are diverse methods that can be applied. The use of monetary incentives is just one of them. Therefore, there should be no hullaballoo as to why the monetary motivation is not used. In fact, monetary incentives hit the charts as one of the most effective ways of motivating the employees to achieve the goals of the industry, which puts the organization on the right track to achieving its overall objectives (Anon. , 1). ii. meet like in any other setting, it is agreeable that there are always the positive and the negative sides of any given act.As such, there are the advantages and the disadvantages of using monetary incentives as a form of motivation. As such, there is no need to demonize the act and term it as a bribe. Otherwise, if this was to be taken as the standard in different arguments, then a lot of activities would be written off since there would be the dark side in every single of them. In this case, the focus should be on the positives and the negatives, and whichever wins carries the day. Monetary motivation should not be ruled out even before it has been tried. iii.It is well known that in the business setting, the ultimate goal is to make profits and be the most competitive. This does not come all that easily since there are various hurdles that have to be overcome. Just like in any field, there have to be ways of going about these hurdles. When it comes to the employees, motivation, naught seems to w ork out better then the use of the monetary incentives. As such there is no reason as to why this should not be employed in the business setting. iv. Lastly, it can be said that the main reason as to why people explore for employment is so that they can make money.This means that they work hard so that they can achieve this goal. As such, it can be seen that the main reason as to why they are motivated is what they get from the employment. As such, when monetary incentives are used as a motivation factor, they do not come in as a bribe. Rather, they just indicate to the employees that their hard work is all that matters. The more you work, the more you get. Simple and clear. Decision After looking at the reasons and the arguments presented above, this paper goes in favor of the claim. It, therefore, agrees that the use of monetary gains as a motivation factor should not be encouraged in the work place.It is equitable to a bribe, which is ethically and morally wrong. The reasons fo r taking this stand are well explained in the section that follows. Rebuttals i. While it is acceptable that there are many ways of motivating the employees, it is also important to look at the various outcomes of the different strategies that are applied. In this case, it has been proven that the use of money as a motivation factor has quite a lot of disadvantages that put the organizations integrity at risk. As such, there is no reason as to why this method should be chosen while there are others that deliver the same result but at a much lower risk.Business entails making wise decisions, and using monetary motivation does not pay out in this case (Burns, 1). ii. As already explained above, being in business entails looking at the prevailing situation, analyzing the benefits and demerits of a given decision then making a decision from this analysis. This calls for a very practical and critical mind that cannot be deceived by the face range of a deal that seems to be so expert. For this reason, it is agreeable that the use of money as a motivation factor has its advantages and disadvantages. After weighing both, it appears that the disadvantages are more.Why, then, should an organization take the risk while there are other safer ways of getting the work done? iii. It is commonly said and known that two wrongs do not make a right. In the business sense, it cannot be denied that there are the hurdles that have to be overcome. But just because the hurdles are there, it does not mean that anything passes as long as it aims at dealing with the hurdles. Rather, the spirit of doing things right should apply in this case. The hurdles should be overcome in a manner that does not create more problems. The methods used should be very ethical and straight. v. It is true that the reason as to why people seek employment is so they can make more money and live more comfortable lives. It is also true that people who get into crooked deals such as corruption, vandalism and embezzlement of funds also do so in a bid to make more money and live good lives as well. As such, this cannot be used as the reason fro using money as an incentive. After all, human wants are insatiable and money cannot squeeze them all. Instead of providing a shortcut to making more money, organizations and businesses should focus more on doing this in the right manner.Works Cited Anonymous. Employee Morale. Business Community, 2012. Web, twenty-fourth July 2012, http//www. ehow. com/employee-morale/ Bizhelp. Motivation in the Workplace. Bizhelp24. com, July 21, 2012. Web, 24th July 2012, http//www. bizhelp24. com/personal/employment-and-personal-development/motivation-in-the-workplace. html Burns, Gabriel. The Disadvantages of Extrinsic Motivation. Ehow. com, 2012. Web, 24th July 2012, http//www. ehow. com/list_6534932_disadvantages-extrinsic-motivation. html Business Plan Hut. Motivating Employees. Businessplanhut. com, 2012. Web,

Civil Action Movie Tort Analysis

Background A Civil Action entails a major class action suit brought forth by several(prenominal) families against major conglomerates (including W. R. Grace chemical company and Beatrice Foods) that were alleged to exhaust negligently damaged the environment of a small town to the extent that its practices led to the spread of leukemia. Jan, a personal wounding attorney, decides to represent a woman that claims that her child and other neighbors of a small town in Massachusetts have been diagnosed with leukemia.The rectitudeyer finds bear witness that there were some factors that could have led to the contamination of the towns water supply by the conglomerates factory. In the course of the lawsuit Jan gets other attorneys in his Boston law firm to assist him. Jan spends lavishly for experts, but the length of the discovery process and opposing counsels maneuvers stretch all his assets to the limit. Jan concentrates his efforts against the p bent company (Grace) since they had personal runimony of a former employee of Grace who had witnessed dumping.The lawsuit against Beatrice Foods was dismissed and would then lead the firm to accept settlement from Grace for $8 million. Jan later files for bankruptcy, and the firm is dismantled. Jan then submits the case to the EPA after it concludes, in a report, that both companies had contaminated the wells from sludge removed from the site. Ultimately, due to the lawsuits brought forward by the EPA, Grace and Beatrice Foods are eventually laboured to pay for one of the largest chemical clean ups in the history of the United States which cost about $64 million.Brief Analysis for Cause-in-Fact The issue that arises in this plot is whether the conglomerates are negligent for the contamination of the water supplies of the town, and if their negligence contributed to the injuries (leukemia) of the multiple plaintiffs. After finding that there has been a br apiece of duty, one must consider if the defendants make out was the cause-in-fact of the injuries.An actors conduct is the cause-in-fact of someones injury where if we can say that but for the actors conduct the injury would non have occurred. In other words, the dominant but for test asks if we could go back in time and remove the actors conduct, would that have prevented the injury? In Hill v. Edmonds, the court found that where two causes of negligence combine to produce a single injury, each individual is liable for the entire ensue even though its act alone may not have caused the result.In that case, the conduct of the truck driver was a but for cause of Hills injuries. If Bragoli (D) would not have left his truck in the middle of the road, Edmonds (D) probably would not have hit the truck. The minority test was molded in the Anderson case, where it was held that where several causes concur to bring about an injury and any one alone would have been sufficient to cause the injury, it is sufficient if Ds conduct was a substantial fac tor. The court in that case concluded that it would be unfair to deny the plaintiff liability, simply because the plaintiff cannot show that but for the negligent conduct of one defendant, the injury to the plaintiff would not have resulted. In this instant case, the conglomerates were likely negligent since they failed to provide a duty of reasonable care in managing the factory in the town, causing detrimental damage to the environment and the towns water supply.The question of whether the conglomerates were liable to the families lies on the causation of the leukemia, and whether it can be shown that the water supply contamination was a direct cause-in-fact of the leukemia. Jan was unable to promptly show this causal connection, and his cases against the other two entities involved were dismissed before remittal with Grace. It was difficult for Jan to pinpoint the conglomerates negligence as a cause-in-fact for the plaintiffs leukemia.In fact, in the deposition the defendants cou ncil articulated that there may have been a wide range of other reasons for the plaintiffs cases of leukemia. Everything from family history, food consumption and lifestyles were addressed as possible alternatives. The major difficulty in Jans case against the conglomerates lies on causation. The water contamination may have been caused by all the entities involved in the factory near the towns river. First, it must be shown that the dumped chemicals, peculiarly the industrial TCE, had gotten into the wells.In Anderson, the court reasoned that if a fire set by the Railways (D) negligence unites with a fire of an independent origin, there is phrase and several liability, even though either fire would have independently destroyed the property. Likewise, even if the wells could have been contaminated by either defendant, the Anderson test will provide that where a plaintiff is injured by the negligent conduct of more than one tortfeasor, each is independently liable if they are each a substantial factor in bringing about the plaintiffs injury.Grace and Beatrice Foods were both substantial factors to the water contamination. Their negligent management of the factory was unornamented by the former employees testimony that they had dumped materials unto the river. Hence, Grace and the others negligence could have all contributed to the ensuing injuries. The problem here lies in whether the water contamination was the cause-in-fact of the leukemia and second, if it had, whether the pollutants killed the leukemia patients.As shown in the movie, the EPA would ultimately prevail in forcing the conglomerates to pay for damages. It may be assumed then that further expert testimony and findings uncovered that the water contamination was then a cause-in-fact of the leukemia. If , however, it were not for the EPAs extensive resources, Grace and Beatrice Foods may have been able to escape liability on the lack of evidence showing that the water contamination was the cause -in-fact of the widespread leukemia.

New product marketing plan

In the commercialise analysis, I intend to assess both the future(a) and menstruation foodstuff(s), positioning competitive conditions and any regulatory concerns that may exist in united States as Honda Company ventures into introducing bicycles in America. The electric potential for our harvest-tide which is bicycles consists of quite a large and wide range of individuals who love outdoor sporting as salubrious as those who have an interest in biking as a sport. This is standardisedwise applies to the avid riders. In new(prenominal) words, this group constitutes young pot especially children who like to rhythm during their play time, those students who take on biking as their only pith of transportation, and competitive riders as well as weekend riders.Tar pressing may occur in two main phases. The first one concerns the single segment which consists of a single overlap. This is whereby a single result is invested by a securities industryer and this takes rest h ome in a grocery that consists of many segments. On the other hand, the game phase relates to a situation whereby a single product is aimed at the usable market segments as a whole by a marketer. In this case, less importance is placed on differentiation as comp bed to cost. In addition, on that point is to a fault multi segment system of approach whereby different segments in the market atomic number 18 targeted by a marketer and this too admits various products that are secernate (Baker, 2003).The overall market for Honda is the United States market and companys target includes young families, children and sports men and women. The current population of sight who use bicycles is high in the United States and this size is constantly increasing. This therefore provides a good potential market for Honda bicycles that are about to be tuckd. As concerns the socio-cultural characteristics, our target market consists of people who are open as regards their culture, beliefs, abide bys and lifestyles. United States citizens once believed that those people who ride bicycles were mostly trouble makers this belief has drastically changed since the inception of Honda Company. This therefore path that the target market is butt on to perceive the introduction of Honda bicycles as a good thing.As concerns, the economic background, the United States market consists of people who have above come workings hence they are capable of buying these bicycles. This is also because they are likely to have disposable income. Moreover the customer needs and requirements vary a lot. For instance, the primary needs for any children who might want to purchase bicycles concerns their arctic, value and sound construction whereas a competitive circler leave behind look for the products technological superiority, reliability and light-weight construction.Our target market intends to have young adults who earn $ 35,000 as their annual incomes and the avid riders who have an a nnual income of $45,000 and above and they should be venerable between the ages of 25-44 years. As per our surveys, our consumers go bying be exiting to pay $ 410.What will drive the demand for our bicycles are the reasonable prices that we are about offer to our prestigious customers, our taint image and high quality products (bicycles).Industry and Competitor Assessment. The main competitors include Yamaha from Japan, Bajaj Auto, TVs-Suzuki and Harley Division (HD). Harley Division is a strong company that is financially stable excessively its constant growth. In addition, HD offers-low cost and high quality goods, they posses a nock image which is strong and adaptable and lastly the company has a strong world(a) marketing and distribution system. As a result of these factors, the contestation has managed to suffer the needs of our proposed targets.The main competitive advantages that these competitors have include lower costs of goods that will enhance competition, mer gers between them and this will adversely affect the current market share that Honda possess. These companies have established such a strong global competition because of the high quality and low priced goods that they offer. This also includes the brand images for their products which are also superior. Moreover, these companies offer advanced and high quality bicycles because they are knowledgeable on the greatest and current trends in the bicycle persistence hence the ability to pull up more customers both the old and the young population in United States.The other competitive advantage concerns the location of the dividing line and also the reputation that they incorporate for their products among the majority population in United States. For instance, Mountainmart is also threatening competitors in the biking industry since they often apply a huge discount structure and commodity approach for its various product line. However, despite its price advantage, Mountainmart does nt offer a high performance service as well as bike lines. In addition, its location is not convenient as it is located far away from students who constitute the main target market. As a result, it does not submit as much competition to either of its competitors.However, Honda has also its own advantages that translate to its strengths swelled the company a competitive edge over other business competitors. The company will produce and intends to offer a wide range of extremely qualified bicycles which include comfort, mountain, childrens bicycles and hybrid. Since lifestyles are constantly changing, Honda Company is coast to offer a unique and healthy lifestyle with the current trend of bicycles that is bound to offer. Moreover, Honda also offers customer service which is excellent such as training, safety tips, instructions, repairs, bike fittings and proper use among others and this will be good aspect in tackling down our customers.Marketing Strategy Customers are the focal p oint as concerns the purchasing of products that transcriptions worldwide promote, development, and price and distribute hence this call for proper definition of these products so as to enhance and maximize consumer satisfaction. locating as a ideal has in the past and even today changed the available nature that relate to advertising. The scratch point for positioning relates to a service, an institution or merchandise.Positioning entails reservation the product to appear in a persons mind (Ries and Trout, 2001). Positioning is therefore effective when it takes place at the right time. Getting into a persons mind involves having the right messages fixed into peoples mind as this calls for an appreciation. Therefore our offering will be positioned through advertising so that people push aside be aware of the bicycles that we intend to introduce in the market. In advertising, enormous advantage is guaranteed for those products that are able to position themselves in the market as the first products hence it is essential to have very good products in the available particular fields in business.The marketing strategy of Honda will constitute the four elements of the marketing mix which include product, price, distribution (place) and advance so as to make effective management decisions in order to piss the stated objectives of the firm. They will be blended in an optimal manner by the firm with an objective of getting a positive response from the consumers of goods and function in the market. This is because these four variables play the vital role in the decision making process by management. Products could either be goods or services that are available for consumer consumption.As concerns product decisions, the decisions that will be made may be found on appearance, service, function, warranty and packaging among others. Therefore the product decision at Honda will include differentiated products and different brands will be available for the bicycles . Honda intends to introduce bicycles that create a great appeal to the general public as well as the younger demographic hence creating a larger market share for the company (Gorchels, 2006).As regards set decisions, the need could occur under a number of specific circumstances for different types of products and services. For an existing brand or product the decision can incorporate increases, reductions and holding price. The major circumstances in which pricing decisions need to be made are hot product introduction, changes in external circumstances e.g. competitive action in raising and labored of prices, raw material tax or any duty changes in the market structure, as well as other internal changes arising from new products and new processes.It is therefore vital for decisions made on pricing to consider the probable pricing and the profit margins of products. Discounts, financing and other various options such as licensing also constitute pricing decision. At Honda, pricin g decisions and strategy, the decisions made will use the regularity of low-end targeting. This will enhance provision of these bicycles at lower prices so that everyone can afford to buy them (Gorchels, 2006).Placement decisions are mostly linked to various marketing bring of distribution which often provide the means for transferring these products so that they can get to the specified customers. Decisions that concern distribution include logistics, channel member selection, levels of service and market coverage.Honda inventions to have dealers who will be used to distribute the bicycles to various destinations. These networks of dealers will be placed in various destinations so that potential consumers can find these products, merchandise or accessories. The company also hopes to use progressions such as shows, public relations and marketing programs in its distribution decision (Minzburg & Quinn, 1991).On the other hand, decisions that are made relating to selling and com munication towards potential consumers are referred to as promotion decisions. These decisions require a breakeven analysis as these costs may be large. The promotion strategy at Honda will be based on brand image, advertisements and commercials that will be available to all.The most effective means of communication for our product (bicycles) is the mass media method of communication. This method enhances the rate at which we can marry with our target customers. Public relations will also be part of our promotion strategy. It is a purposeful form of communication directed towards the publics by the organization with the objective of developing good will (Cooper & Hiebing, 2004). Public relations is also future oriented and proactive hence the objective of maintaining and building an organizations positive perception.ReferencesBaker, M.J. (2003). The marketing Book. Elsevier.Cooper, W., & Hiebing, R. (2004). The One-Day Marketing Plan. McGraw-HillProfessional.Gorchels, L. (2006). Th e Product managers handbook secondary Worksheetsand templates. McGraw-Hill Professional.Minzburg, H., & Quinn, B. (1991). The Strategy Process. Prentice Hall.Ries, A., & Trout, J. (2001).Positioning The Battle for your mind. McGraw-HillNew product marketing planNew Product Marketing PlanThis paper will focus on the development of a marketing strategy for a new product- Honda bicycle.Market Analysis In the market analysis, I intend to assess both the future and current market(s), positioning competitive conditions and any regulatory concerns that may exist in United States as Honda Company ventures into introducing bicycles in America. The potential for our product which is bicycles consists of quite a large and wide range of individuals who love outdoor sporting as well as those who have an interest in biking as a sport. This is also applies to the avid riders. In other words, this group constitutes young people especially children who like to bike during their play time, those stu dents who take on biking as their only means of transportation, and competitive riders as well as weekend riders.Targeting may occur in two main phases. The first one concerns the single segment which consists of a single product. This is whereby a single product is targeted by a marketer and this takes place in a market that consists of many segments. On the other hand, the second phase relates to a situation whereby a single product is aimed at the available market segments as a whole by a marketer. In this case, less importance is placed on differentiation as compared to cost. In addition, there is also multi segment system of approach whereby different segments in the market are targeted by a marketer and this also includes various products that are differentiated (Baker, 2003).The overall market for Honda is the United States market and companys target includes young families, children and sports men and women. The current population of people who use bicycles is high in the Un ited States and this size is constantly increasing. This therefore provides a good potential market for Honda bicycles that are about to be introduced. As concerns the socio-cultural characteristics, our target market consists of people who are open as regards their culture, beliefs, values and lifestyles. United States citizens once believed that those people who ride bicycles were mostly trouble makers this belief has drastically changed since the inception of Honda Company. This therefore means that the target market is bound to perceive the introduction of Honda bicycles as a good thing.As concerns, the economic background, the United States market consists of people who have above average earnings hence they are capable of purchasing these bicycles. This is also because they are likely to have disposable income. Moreover the customer needs and requirements vary a lot. For instance, the primary needs for any children who might want to purchase bicycles concerns their safety, val ue and sound construction whereas a competitive circler will look for the products technological superiority, reliability and light-weight construction.Our target market intends to have young adults who earn $ 35,000 as their annual incomes and the avid riders who have an annual income of $45,000 and above and they should be aged between the ages of 25-44 years. As per our surveys, our consumers will be willing to pay $ 410.What will drive the demand for our bicycles are the reasonable prices that we are about offer to our esteemed customers, our brand image and high quality products (bicycles).Industry and Competitor Assessment. The main competitors include Yamaha from Japan, Bajaj Auto, TVs-Suzuki and Harley Division (HD). Harley Division is a strong company that is financially stable besides its constant growth. In addition, HD offers-low cost and high quality goods, they posses a brand image which is strong and adaptable and lastly the company has a strong global marketing and d istribution system. As a result of these factors, the competition has managed to satisfy the needs of our proposed targets.The main competitive advantages that these competitors have include lower costs of goods that will enhance competition, mergers between them and this will adversely affect the current market share that Honda possess. These companies have established such a strong global competition because of the high quality and low priced goods that they offer. This also includes the brand images for their products which are also superior. Moreover, these companies offer advanced and high quality bicycles because they are knowledgeable on the greatest and current trends in the bicycle industry hence the ability to attract more customers both the old and the young population in United States.The other competitive advantage concerns the location of the business and also the reputation that they hold for their products among the majority population in United States. For instance, Mountainmart is also threatening competitors in the biking industry since they often apply a huge discount structure and commodity approach for its various product line. However, despite its price advantage, Mountainmart doesnt offer a high performance service as well as bike lines. In addition, its location is not convenient as it is located far away from students who constitute the main target market. As a result, it does not portray as much competition to either of its competitors.However, Honda has also its own advantages that translate to its strengths giving the company a competitive edge over other business competitors. The company will produce and intends to offer a wide range of highly qualified bicycles which include comfort, mountain, childrens bicycles and hybrid. Since lifestyles are constantly changing, Honda Company is bound to offer a unique and healthy lifestyle with the current trend of bicycles that is bound to offer. Moreover, Honda also offers customer service which is excellent such as training, safety tips, instructions, repairs, bike fittings and proper use among others and this will be good aspect in tackling down our customers.Marketing Strategy Customers are the focal point as concerns the purchasing of products that organizations worldwide promote, development, and price and distribute hence this call for proper definition of these products so as to enhance and maximize consumer satisfaction. Positioning as a concept has in the past and even today changed the available nature that relate to advertising. The starting point for positioning relates to a service, an institution or merchandise. Positioning entails making the product to appear in a persons mind (Ries and Trout, 2001). Positioning is therefore effective when it takes place at the right time.Getting into a persons mind involves having the right messages fixed into peoples mind as this calls for an appreciation. Therefore our offering will be positioned through advertising so that people can be aware of the bicycles that we intend to introduce in the market. In advertising, enormous advantage is guaranteed for those products that are able to position themselves in the market as the first products hence it is essential to have very good products in the available particular fields in business.The marketing strategy of Honda will constitute the four elements of the marketing mix which include product, price, distribution (place) and promotion so as to make effective management decisions in order to attain the stated objectives of the firm. They will be blended in an optimal manner by the firm with an objective of getting a positive response from the consumers of goods and services in the market. This is because these four variables play the vital role in the decision making process by management. Products could either be goods or services that are available for consumer consumption.As concerns product decisions, the decisions that will be made may be bas ed on appearance, service, function, warranty and packaging among others. Therefore the product decision at Honda will include differentiated products and different brands will be available for the bicycles. Honda intends to introduce bicycles that create a great appeal to the general public as well as the younger demographic hence creating a larger market share for the company (Gorchels, 2006).As regards pricing decisions, the need could occur under a number of specific circumstances for different types of products and services. For an existing brand or product the decision can incorporate increases, reductions and holding price. The major circumstances in which pricing decisions need to be made are new product introduction, changes in external circumstances e.g. competitive action in raising and lowering of prices, raw material tax or any duty changes in the market structure, as well as other internal changes arising from new products and new processes.It is therefore vital for de cisions made on pricing to consider the probable pricing and the profit margins of products. Discounts, financing and other various options such as licensing also constitute pricing decision. At Honda, pricing decisions and strategy, the decisions made will use the method of low-end targeting. This will enhance provision of these bicycles at lower prices so that everyone can afford to buy them (Gorchels, 2006).Placement decisions are mostly linked to various marketing channels of distribution which often provide the means for transferring these products so that they can get to the specified customers. Decisions that concern distribution include logistics, channel member selection, levels of service and market coverage. Honda plans to have dealers who will be used to distribute the bicycles to various destinations. These networks of dealers will be placed in various destinations so that potential consumers can access these products, merchandise or accessories. The company also hopes to use promotions such as shows, public relations and marketing programs in its distribution decision (Minzburg & Quinn, 1991).On the other hand, decisions that are made relating to selling and communication towards potential consumers are referred to as promotion decisions. These decisions require a breakeven analysis as these costs may be large. The promotion strategy at Honda will be based on brand image, advertisements and commercials that will be available to all. The most effective means of communication for our product (bicycles) is the mass media method of communication. This method enhances the rate at which we can connect with our target customers. Public relations will also be part of our promotion strategy. It is a purposeful form of communication directed towards the publics by the organization with the objective of developing good will (Cooper & Hiebing, 2004). Public relations is also future oriented and proactive hence the objective of maintaining and building an org anizations positive perception.ReferencesBaker, M.J. (2003). The marketing Book. Elsevier.Cooper, W., & Hiebing, R. (2004). The One-Day Marketing Plan. McGraw-HillProfessional.Gorchels, L. (2006). The Product managers handbook Supplemental Worksheetsand templates. McGraw-Hill Professional.Minzburg, H., & Quinn, B. (1991). The Strategy Process. Prentice Hall.Ries, A., & Trout, J. (2001).Positioning The Battle for your mind. McGraw-Hill Professional.

The Importance of Acquisition, Conversion, and Retention Tools in Digital Campaigns

To Sales Director at Playrite From Marketing Manager at Playrite Subject Investigation into opportunities for using digital market melt putzs to help build new and existing business Date 30th November 2012 Contents The importance of acquisition, conversion and retention tools in digital campaigns3 Different types of digital marketing campaign tools4 Acquiring new customers4 Converting Sales5 Retaining Customers6 Search Engine Marketing for Acquisition7 Web situate for Conversion7 Email for Retention8 Appendix9 11 Background to Nearlygrass9 1 Evaluation and measurement of up-to-the-minute Nearlygrass website11 31 Statistics12 Statement16 Bibliography14 The importance of acquisition, conversion and retention tools in digital campaigns Acquisition, conversion and retention tools are incredibly important in digital campaigns and modify businesses to acquire prospective customers, convert to sales and retain for future purchases. Digital marketing tools support marketing activities a imed at achieving profitable acquisition and retention of customers throughout their lifecycle (Dave Chaffey 2012 Online).When digital tools such as email marketing are integrated with to a greater extent traditional media such as direct mail they form the home of successful marketing campaigns. Although we are afoot(predicate)ly in a recession, the contribution of the profits to the economy is growing and will continue to grow at more than 10% annually for the next five years. By 2016 the reach is estimated to top $4. 2 trillion (Economist 2012 Online). 80% of households in the UK now have access to the internet with 83% of those adults aged 24-44 years old using the internet daily which is an increase of 21% since 2006 (Office for National Statistics 2012 Online) see fig 3. and 3. 3. If Nearlygrass wants to increase awareness of their harvest-feast range then digital marketing is essential to develop a more interactive and amiable transactionhip with customers. The internet has made public relations public again, after years of almost exclusive focus on media. Blogs, online video, news releases, and other form of Web content let organisations communicate in a flash with buyers (Scott, pg 11, 2010). With a business-to-consumer website like www. nearlygrass. co. k its important to acquire individuals who are web savvy, convert them once they are on the website and retain or expire a recommendation for the Nearlygrass range to friends and communicate near our products and service online. Different types of digital marketing campaign tools Acquiring new customers What? How? Pros Cons Search engine marketing * SEO to optimise www. nearlygrass. co. uk * PPC campaign to drive traffic. * If the current website dismiss be edited in house, SEO is quick and low cost * Continually improve www. nearlygrass. o. uk by adding new, engaging content * PPC campaigns are fast to effectuate up, amend and can be managed in house to budget. * If not edited in house, costly and time devour to change * Some PPC terms are costly * PPC is time consuming, requiring constant research. Email * Sending out cold email marketing campaigns * Include expatiate of new content and news. * Promotes products and drive traffic * Increase engagement and stickiness * Convert into more sample orders/enquiries and sales * Easy to personalise (Chaffey, pg 550, 2009). * Difficult to buy look list, emails could be classed as spam * Costly to send HTML emails, unless use free service like Mail Chimp. Online PR * Publish press releases on relevant websites. * Grow brand and product awareness alongside USP * Drive traffic to the website by speaking directly to customers, unfiltered by the media (Scott, pg 86, 2010). * Lots of competitors in current marketplace doing similar things * Time consuming * Costly. Converting Sales What? How? Pros Cons Website * Keep information relevant * Improve sample ordering processes * Clearer calls to actions. * Offer better u ser interpret * Increase conversions. * Costly to change website, especially with database and CMS Copywriting and presentation * Create easy to understand DIY PDFs * Create different pages for target audience * Use Google Analytics to realize questions searchers are using to get to the site and answer in weekly blog posts. * Helpful information is more likely to be shared across the internet on social channels like Twitter (Mashable 2008 Online) * Nearlygrass seen as experts in their industry. * Need support from individuals inside organisation * Uploading information is costly if the website cant be edited in house. * Requires time and know-how. Customer support * Live chat facility during office hours to answer questions. * Relatively cheap to set up * Trace and track users * Prompt conversations * Encourages engagement and enhance users experience. * Requires resources to run and control * Only useful during surviveing hours and needs those with expert knowledge to con trol and manage. Retaining Customers What? How? Pros ConsCustomer service * Feedback questionnaires * SMS to alert when delivery is on way * Order confirmation emails. * Receive valuable customer feedback * Providing better services through mobile marketing. * Difficulty getting emails and mobile numbers * Need resources to send and process responses. Email * Sending post sale emails with information about installation, maintenance and add-on products. * Email customers whose surfaces are near replacement. * Increase user experience by offering helpful advice * Up-sell products * Recommend an installer in their area * overprotect repeat custom. * Could be duplicating information * Need to collect emails during sales process * Need resources to manage. Referrals * Recommend to a friend * Tweet/upload images to Facebook to be entered into horn in draw. * Previous customers promote Nearlygrass range * Increase social reach * Engage with new customers through previous custome rs * Relies heavily on customers and getting them to upload/ have images * Difficult to get convince management into investing in social media (Scott, pg 267, 2010). Search Engine Marketing for AcquisitionSearch engine marketing is the most important tool for acquiring new customers as it is the most cost effective method for driving traffic to a website. Improvements are needed for www. nearlygrass. co. uk to be found by prospective customers through search engine marketing. If a website isnt listed in the first few search results, that business is out of the customers term set and has no chance to make that sale to that customer. Your customers must first find you to learn about your products (Moran & Hunt, pg 20, 2008). Looking at the top ten key articulates www. earlygrass. co. uk appears with a ranking 100 grass artificial 1 60500 100 what is artificial grass 1 60500 100 grass artificial grass 1 60500 100 artificial lawns 1 49500 100 synthetic lawns 1 49500 100 astro turf 0. 8 49500 100 grass synthetic grass 1 49500 100 grass synthetic 1 49500 100 synthetic grass 1 49500 100 24 PPC advert example Artificial Grass www. nearlygrass. co. uk/samples UK made. No Watering, No Mowing, No Hassle Get your Free Samples. 25 Ranking from Open lay Explorer As you can see the current website gets a low rating in terms of domain and page authority Also the site only has 3 linking root domains. This can be tracked during the project to see what affect the acquisition tools are having on the trust of the site. 26 Top competitor sites * www. asgoodasgrass. co. uk * www. evergreenuk. om * www. lazylawn. co. uk * www. easigrass. com 31 Statistics 32 Households with Internet Access, 1998 to 2012 Households with Internet Access, 1998 to 2012 Year Per cent 1998 9 1999 13 2000 25 2001 36 2002 42 2003 46 2004 49 2005 55 2006 57 2007 61 2008 65 2009 70 2010 73 2011 77 2012 80 33 Adults who used a figurer in the last three months, by frequency of use and age group, 2006 and 20 12 Daily Weekly Monthly Between 1 3 months 2006 2012 2006 2012 2006 2012 2006 2012 16-24 63 82 15 12 7 2 3 - 5-44 62 83 16 10 4 2 2 1 45-54 56 71 13 14 5 2 3 1 55-64 36 63 17 13 5 2 3 2 65 + 9 29 8 11 3 4 3 3 All 45 67 14 12 5 2 3 1 Base Adults (aged 16+) in Great Britain Data too small to display Bibliography Chaffey, Dave 2012 Digital marketing definition http//www. davechaffey. com/Internet-Marketing/C1-Introduction/E-marketing-Internet-markeitng-%20definition Online Accessed 19th kinsfolk 2012Chaffey, Ellis-Chadwick, Mayer, Johnston (2009) Internet Marketing Strategy, Implementation and Practice Pearson Education Limited Essex Economist 2012 How much does the internet contribute to the economies of G20 countries? http//www. economist. com/blogs/graphicdetail/2012/04/daily-chart-2 Online Assessed 18th September 2012 Evans, Sarah 2008 HOW TO Build Community on Twitter http//mashable. com/2008/11/10/twitter-community/ Onlin e Accessed 23rd November 2012 Moran and Hunt (2008) Search Engine Marketing, Inc. IBM Press USA Office for National Statistics 2012 Internet Access Households and Individuals http//www. ns. gov. uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables. html? variant=tcm%3A77-270031 Online Assessed 18th September 2012 Peck, Dave (2011) Think Before You Engage 100 Questions to Ask Before Starting a Social Media Marketing Campaign Wiley USA Schachinger, Kristine 2012 How to compose Title Tags For Search Engine Optimization http//searchenginewatch. com/article/2154469/How-to-Write-Title-Tags-For-Search-Engine-Optimization Online Accessed 23rd November 2012 Scott, David Meerman (2010) The New Rules of Marketing & PR John Wiley & Sons New Jersey StatementI confirm that in forwarding this assessment for marketing, I understand and have applied the CIM policies relating to word count, plagiarism and collusion for all tasks. This assignment/project is the result of my own independent work/investigation e xcept where otherwise stated. Other sources are acknowledged in the body of the text and/or a bibliography is appended. The work that I have submitted has not previously been accepted in substance for any other award and is not concurrently submitted in candidature for any other award. Total word count 1,315/1,200

Coursework on ‘Othello’

A sad event is a disastrous and dreadful event. A tragedy is usu each(prenominal)y when some hotshot is killed. A hit man is usually a man who is courageous and displays master qualities he is perceived by plenty to be very(prenominal) muscular and strong. So a tragic submarine is a person who is an exceptional person, only if has a fatal blot. This is normally exposed and then(prenominal) twisted by the scoundrel. To the consultation he is amazing, and so when he is killed it is a tragedy for the audience as the world has lost such an outstanding person, the hero then can no longer contribute to society. In this play the tragic hero is Othello.He is a tragic hero as he as achieved a lot. He is an outsider, and excessively is non very young in addition he is non white, but black. Even though he is all of this he still fashions a general and attr titles a very beautiful seventeen social class honest-to-goodness girl. But he has a flaw this is his wishfuly. This flaw i s twisted and exploited by the villain of the play, Iago. As the play goes on we ascertain how jealousy corrupts the mind of Othello, resulting in his death. In this play thither atomic number 18 umpteen different themes shaped and formed. These argon jealousy, men and women and race and colour.The main theme delineate in this play, is jealousy. There are three main types of jealousy in this play they are professional, cozy and racial. Professional jealousy is portrayed by Iago in this play as he is jealous of Michael Cassio. This is because he was promoted to de upchucky by Othello and Iago was non. Iago calls Michael Cassio a great arithmetician he shows that he is jealous of Cassio as he is doing cleanse than him even though he is also a outsider. He whitethorn take on become Othellos lieutenant as he, like Othello, is an outsider.When Iago says A fellow some damned in a fair married woman he is showing that he is sexually jealous of Cassio as he is more than sexually a ttr biteive than him and many women like him. This foxs Iago feel more hate and jealousy for Cassio. When Iago is talking to Brabantio he says An old black impel is tupping your white ewe this is showing that Iago is racially jealous of Othello. Therefore this shows that Iago is jealous that Othello has married a beautiful and courtly, young girl. All of these various types of jealousy felt by Iago in the play drop dead to terrible tragedies.The go-ahead moving-picture show creates a build up of atmosphere with political and social aspects. The sentiment begins at darkness in Venice. Venice was infamous for political intrigue. There were many Machiavellian characters around. It was known to be an amoral place, where the people could not be corporate believe as they where cunning and catchy. The depiction is set at night where dark and sneak(a) deeds are covered up, and not viewn by the light of day. It begins with two characters, Roderigo and Iago, disputing. Roderigo i s fervent to possess Desdemona, with the uphold of Iago.They talk active another character who has been appointed by the council, general of the Venetian army. We learn that he is a Moor and an outsider. withal we discern out that one Michael Cassio is the lieutenant, a position which Iago craves. Othello in this photograph is not referred to by name, and we soon learn that he is hated by Roderigo and Iago. All of this talk round Othello makes the audience anxious to find out about him and meet this quite exceptional person. This causes a sense of humor and atmosphere of curiosity and dramatic tension. In the first scene of Othello Iago is introduced.This scene is very important as it lays the foundations for the tragedies which develop later in the play. As he is introduced he has a big impact on the audience. He is portrayed in the first scene to be a person who is in manoeuvre of what he does, and someone who has hear over others, and regardms to be someone who is ambit ious. Iago is brought into the first scene talking to Roderigo. Roderigo begins the communion with Iago. In his few opening lines he says Iago, who hast had my purse as if the strings were thine, shouldst know of this.This shows that Roderigo does not trust Iago about him cosmos qualified to procure Desdemona, from Othello for him. Also this shows the audience that Iagos services can be bought with money, divine revelation that he is mercenary. Furthermore the name Iago sounds Spanish, so to the Stuart audience this would show instantly that he was a despiteful character, as at this time to England the Spanish people were enemies. Following Roderigos few spoken language, Iago replies with a blasphemous sblood meaning Gods blood. This shows his derision for Christ and for Christian values.This single word would have shocked and surprised the Stuart audience, who were religious. Iago asserts his hate towards the Moor Othello. He says in great detail about Othello off-capped to him I am worth no worse a place. But he, as loving his own pride and purposes, evades them with a bombast circumstance, horribly stuffed with epithets of war. Here he is telling Roderigo how he despises Othello for not letting him become a lieutenant, instead passing him over for one Michael Cassio, a Florentine. Iago then calls Cassio a great arithmetician this is Iago being sarcastic he is implying that Michael Cassio has no experience or idea of war. Iago tells on talking about Michael Cassio by insulting where he is from, saying that he is a Florentine.He is saying that Cassio the Florentine knows nothing of war. This displays Iago of being racially prejudiced to foreigners and outsiders. This is the same for Othello there may be a reason to why Cassio was chosen over Iago as Cassio and Othello are some(prenominal) outsiders. Iago comments on Cassio, of being a fellow almost damned in a fair wife. This reveals that he may be sexually jealous of Cassio, as many women are attra cted to him. Iago continues on, to again insult Cassio even more saying that never set a squadron in the field, nor the division of a battle knows more than a spinster, unless the bookish theoric. This shows that he may be upset about being passed over for promotion, and his abhorrence for Cassio. I believe from what I have seen from what Iago says about Cassio, he may feel intellectually inferior to Cassio as he says as masterly as he is screening that Iago may feel he has been challenged by someone better and more academic than him.This is the audiences first sign of professional jealousy. Iago then finally ends this vocabulary with a sardonic idiom of his moorship this is a derogatory connotation, which is a play on the phrase his worship. Iago proves to Roderigo fair(a) how much he hates Othello, by insulting him and by slandering Cassio. With all of this hatred Iago has he causes the demotion of Cassio, the murder of Desdemona, the felo-de-se of Othello and the downfall o f himself. Our visions of Othello are all shaped by what Iago says in his dialogue with Roderigo. The audience may become doubtful of what Iago says as his views are amoral.There are important lines from this long dialect revealing Iagos historical character. But the main theme of this speech is how he hates Othello, and his lack of true loyalty and integrity. Moreover he tells Roderigo his excogitate and how it will affect him Roderigo passs Iago foolishly not seeing that he is being used because of his entrust to possess Desdemona. This speech also shows how Iago is able to ingeniously manipulate people. He begins to say I follow him to serve my turn upon him this is basically showing how is only serving Othello to help himself and using it for his advantage.This shows that Iago is ambitious as he knows what he wants, and does anything to get it. Also he is disloyal and self-serving as he is besides getting what he wants out of his actions, and is betraying his so called fr iend Othello. In addition he is cunning and sly getting exactly what he wants, by deceiving people. He says an important line which is heaven is my judge, not I for love and duty this shows that Iago is not interested in love and does not really care about it. He has no concept of love. This leads to the later point of his attitude towards women in general.He also says the blasphemous phrase of I am not what I am this shows that he is going against Gods words of I am what I am. This shows that he once again is disrespectful of Christian values and of Christ. But this line could also be showing that Iago may have a layer to his character, which is unseen by other people. We can see that what Roderigo says is an echo of how Iago speaks, especially about Othello. We witness Roderigo say a racist comment about Othello, the thick-lips owe. This is a phrase which is mirrored from the means Iago addresses Othello.Iago is manipulating people to become like him, evil. Iago feels he needs to instigate his plan and tells Roderigo to rouse Brabantio, make after him, poison his delight, proclaim him in the streets. This shows that Iago delights in causing trouble and enjoys full point managing chaos. Roderigo is polite and kind in talking to the senator, getting them nowhere so it is Iagos crude and disgusting descriptions of an old black ram, is tupping your white ewe which make Brabantio irate. The animal imagery here is representing the sexual connection between Desdemona the noble women with the Moor general Othello.This sexual reference is then linked with the suggestion of Cassio being a fellow almost damned in a fair wife, and with his job to help match up Roderigo and Desdemona. This shows that Iago have in minds of women to be objects, and disregards love. He is unable to understand love, or the relationships between men and women. We can see from this scene that Iago is able to control and manipulate people to his own advantage. From this scene altogether w e see that Iago is a cynical malcontent. He is malicious in his acts and crude with his language, he is able to manipulate people for his own needs, and exaggerates situations to his own advantage.We see how he despises men who wear their hearts on their sleeves, and who dont look out for their own interests. He likes people, who are self-serving, and people who do evil deeds for money, people who are untrustworthy and who pretend to be honest. His speeches in these scenes are energetic and shocking to many audiences, they are full of egotistical disgust. Furthermore Iago has an underhand stylus of being absent when actions which he has instigated come to head. Iago is a compelling and sophisticated villain. In this play there are two main scenes where Iago puts his Machiavellian plans in to operation.Iagos plans are malicious he puts his plans into action in act 2 scene 3, and in act 3 scene 3. In act 2 scene 3 all of Iagos tactics and ideas become reality. Upon arrival in Cyprus Iago persuades Cassio to have a drink by saying come, lieutenant, I have a stoup of wine. Cassio keeps on refusing Iagos offers, as he has very vile and unhappy brains for drinking. But Cassio is not able to resist it, and takes some wine, causing him to become full of animosity and rudeness. Iago perceives this as his venture to instigate his plan. Continuing to manipulate Roderigo effortlessly, he makes him start off a haggling and a brawl with Cassio.Cassio gets wound up by Roderigo, as Roderigo gives witty remarks like beat me? These comments from Roderigo and the particular that he is drunk cause Cassio to get aggravated, and therefore fight. Othello gets alerted by the brawl, and finds Montano and Cassio fighting. Montano is hurt, zounds I bleed still. Othello asks honest Iago to find out what happened. This is dramatic irony as Othello depends that Iago is an honest person, whereas the audience knows that he is not, that he is crude and evil. This puts the audienc e in the position of knowing more than the characters, increasing tension.Othello dismisses Cassio from his position, and he is demoted, moreover as Iago wanted. As Cassio is dismissed, Iago gets the chance to take his place, and get access to Othello so he can poison and corrupt his mind with his words. Iago speaks and acts in this scene as if he always has someone elses interests at heart. He enjoys presenting himself in the best realistic light. In this scene as Othello is being informed on the brawl by Iago, Iago acts as if he wants to help Cassio, he says to Othello I had rather have this tongue cut from my mouth than it should do offence to Michael Cassio. This is all part of Iagos plan to make himself look trustworthy and loyal, towards Othello. He here seems to be backward to accuse Cassio.This is not only to make Iago look loyal, but also to make Othello see how disgracefully his lieutenant has acted. Othello likes to here the direct truth, even though he appreciates th e false protection of Cassio, given by Iago. We see Iagos ingenious and spiteful ideas when he decides to use Desdemona, who is innocent, and who he has no quarrel with, to enmesh them all. We see how happy he is in his speech, that he has the intelligence and power to turn Desdemonas virtue into pitch. As before we see how Iago dislikes honesty and innocence. Even Iagos wife Emilia, is fooled in thinking that Iago wants to help Michael Cassio. Iagos only loyalty is to himself. Iagos imagery is crude, he will convince Othello that all the meetings that Iago and Desdemona are having, is an affair. He is planting the seeds of jealousy into Othellos mind. He tries to convince him that his wife wants Cassio, and that she will undo her credit with the Moor. In this scene Iago disrupts Othellos wedding night, and Iago turns Othello against the people he trusted and loved. proceeding 3 scene 3 is the pivotal scene where Iago puts his Machiavellian plans into operation. Iago wants Othell o to perceive that Cassio is having an affair with Cassio. Iago in this scene once again is pretending to be friends with Cassio. Iago knows exactly how Othello operates, and so he knows how to get inside his head. Iago tries to vitiate answering Othellos questions directly. He does this as he knows this builds up suspicion in Othellos mind. He also a great deal imitates Othellos questions as he Othello says is he honest. Subsequently Iago avoids the question and says honest my lord This is another technique that Iago uses to testify suspicion from Othello. Iago when talking to Othello about Desdemona repeatedly reminds him how she had deceitfully behaved, and the offendful reminder that he is an outsider. Iago tells Othello that she could have make other natural choices. Iago keeps angering Othello by manipulating and poisoning his mind. Iago tells Othello look to your wife observe her well with Cassio where your eyes thus, not jealous nor secure. He essentially tells Othello to see his wife neutrally, and not to get waste when looking upon her with Cassio.Another way that Iago tries to persuade Othello is by saying she did deceive her father, and when she seemd to shake and fear your looks. Iago here tries to show Othello that she is not loyal and noble, as she already deceived her father by marrying him, because of what she wanted. So Iago is questioning Othello, on what is stopping her from doing it again. Iago pretends to care about Othello as he says trust me I fear it has. I hope you will consider what is radius comes from my love. He is telling Othello that he has his best interests at heart.After Iago knows that the poison he gave to Othello through words has held, and once Othello has become vengeful, he knows he must take the role of being a noble and loyal friend. There is irony here as Othello is seeking to kill Cassio he is carrying out Iagos revenge for him. WE find out from this scene that Othello is weak and insecure, as the emotion o f love that he has for Desdemona loses against Iagos crude language. Othello left hand alone he wonders Why did I marry? This shows that he already knows that his wife is false.He begins to speak of the curse of marriage. Although he resists Iagos version of Desdemona, it is the fake story of Cassio having a dream about her which breaks him. He returns angry much more angry with his words, but still does not know what to believe I think my wife be honest, and think she is not. But we see from the crude images conjuring in his mind, and the violence of his speech that Iago is winning. He speaks baselessly of poison, or fire, or suffocating streams. He curses death and damnation and says ferociously Ill tear her all to pieces. We see here that Iago has fully corrupted his mind, and Othello like Roderigo is beginning to talk with crude and malicious language, just like Iago. Iagos plans in act 3 scene 3 are successful, as he is able to demote Cassio from his position. Iago is abl e to successfully play a number of roles, and is able to adapt his tone and appearance to suit any occasion. In this scene Iago acts apparently loyal, and as if he has everybody elses interests at heart. He presents himself as a noble friend to Cassio, and in the best possible light. From discrediting Cassio, Iago is able to get close to Othello.This then means that he is able to corrupt and poison Othellos mind, with his crude words. The demotion weakens Othellos position, and gives Iago a great advantage to put his wicked plan into operation. As Iago gains access to Othellos mind from Cassio, he is able to use his skills in manipulation, to make Othello see things that are not actually happening. He makes Othello perceive that Cassio is having an affair with Desdemona, and that she is being unfaithful towards him. Also he makes Othello demote Cassio because of a brawl, which Roderigo initiated.These events, which are stage managed by Iago all lead to the tragic denouement, Othell o and Desdemonas deaths. The way he acts in this scene is similar to the way he acts in act 1 scene, as he pretends to have Roderigos interests at heart in act 1 scene 1, and in act 2 scene 3 he acts as if he has Cassios interests at heart. In both scenes he appears to be loyal to his friends, when he is actually fooling everyone and is only loyal to himself. Also in both of these scenes he is always manipulating people, just to see the downfall of Othello.Part of Iagos success in act 2 scene 3 lies in the fact that he tells all of his victims exactly what they want to hear, or he uses arguments which would make his victims think like him, in a crude malicious manner. Act 3 scene 3 is the pivotal point in the play because Othello is convinced of his wifes corruption Othello makes a sacred vow never to change his mind about her or to soften his feelings towards her until he acts out a violent revenge. At this point, Othello is fixed in his course, and the disastrous ending of the pl ay is unavoidable.Othello swears to Iago that he will kill Desdemona and Cassio. notwithstanding as the play replaces the security of peace with the anxiety of domestic strife, Othello replaces the security of his marriage with the hateful paranoia of an league with Iago. Iago is the one who causes Othellos downfall, as he sows the seeds of suspicion in his mind. Iagos methods in this scene are more subtle. He pretends to be reluctant to speak. Desdemona keeps irritating Othello, by asking when he will reinstate Cassio. This angers Othello as he is already umbrageous of Cassio having an affair with Desdemona.Iago persistently acts as if he is protecting Cassio. Othello becomes more and more suspicious from what Iago tells him, and Iago uses key words which get to Othello, for example think and honest. We can see how Iago falsely protects Cassio as he says, I think Cassios an honest man. Iago is protecting Cassio and not telling Othello the direct truth. This causes Othello to f eel more suspicious of Cassio. Iago tells Othello about how Cassio and Desdemona have secretly been meeting, and so when Othello perceives it himself he becomes infuriated.Othello gives the secret of his downfall to Iago. This is Othellos flaw. Othello says when I love thee not, chaos is come again. The importee is that if Othello stops loving Desdemona he will disintegrate, and crumble to pieces. Iago now has something to act on, and can exploit this feeling, to poison and abrogate Othello. Iagos final words in this scene chillingly mock the language of love and marriage I am your own forever. Iago is a malicious, malevolent and crude person. He is able to manipulate, and twist peoples feelings to his own advantage.He is splendid at stage managing events, and is capable of hoodwinking others to believe he is honest. When Iago speaks in his soliloquies he is boastful and dismissive. Iago is a very untrustworthy character, as we have seen from how he has fooled everyone to trust him. Iago is a complex character, only himself and the audience knows what he is really like. In this play we see how Iago is able to put his skills of manipulation into act. Many believe he may have a homosexual side and tries to replace Desdemona, but this is only some views as his relationship with Othello is very complicated.Iago is highly intellectual socially. In this play he is the bringer off death and pain upon many characters, he is like the grim reaper. Iago is partly responsible for bringing death to Othello, but it is not all his fault. It is true that he used his skills to manipulate people, and his ability to poison and corrupt peoples minds to bring Othellos downfall, but it is also the faults of the people he manipulated, for being weak minded. Roderigo, who was firstly manipulated, followed Iago as his drive and passion to possess Desdemona got in the way.Cassios flaw was that he only became manipulated as he believed Iago was his true friend, and that he was ther e to help him, he was also too trusting. Desdemona also had a fatal flaw, which was that she could be deceitful also she loved and trusted Othello to a great extent. Finally Iagos greatest achievement was convincing and manipulating Othello. Othello has the most significant fatal flaw he had a high amount of jealousy. Iago was able to exploit all of these weaknesses. But the biggest was Othellos which all lead to the catastrophic deaths of Othello and his Desdemona.